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Reform and development trend of China's natural gas pipeline industry

Reform and development trend of China's natural gas pipeline industry

  • Categories:Industry news
  • Author:
  • Origin:中国管件信息网
  • Time of issue:2015-11-21
  • Views:0

(Summary description)By the end of 2014, China had built 69,000 kilometers of natural gas pipelines, and the total gas transmission capacity of the trunk pipeline network exceeded 170 billion cubic meters per year[1,2]. "Nearby supply" pipeline grid bureau, built five major cross-regional natural gas trunk pipeline systems in Northwest (Xinjiang), North China (Ordos), Southwest (Sichuan-Chongqing), Northeast and offshore to the central and eastern regions. Pipelines are the link between upstream resources and downstream markets, and the reform of pipeline construction and operation is a key step in the system reform of the natural gas industry. Since 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Energy Administration and other departments have successively issued a series of policies and regulations related to natural gas pipeline network facilities, providing clear policy guidance for China's natural gas infrastructure construction. Looking forward to the "13th Five-Year Plan", the reform of China's natural gas industry will continue to advance, and the management system, market entities, operation methods, and supervision models of the natural gas pipeline industry will undergo profound changes.

1 China's natural gas pipeline construction and management mode

1.1 Trunk pipeline construction and management mode dominated by the three major companies

Relying on the advantages of resources, technology and talents, the three major oil companies have the first-mover position in the construction and operation management of natural gas pipelines in China, and are absolutely dominant in the construction and operation of main and branch pipelines. The natural gas pipeline of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has achieved professional operation and regional management, and has five specialized companies (Pipeline Company, West-East Gas Pipeline [Sales] Company, Western Pipeline Company, Southwest Pipeline Company) Company, Beijing Natural Gas Company) and a regional pipeline company (Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company), the total length of natural gas pipelines is about 50,000 kilometers, accounting for about 78% of the country. The natural gas pipeline of China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec for short) is in charge of the natural gas branch company. The pipeline network is under construction and operation of more than 4,600 kilometers. The layout of "one station" (Shandong LNG terminal) and "three reservoirs" (Central Plain, Jianghan, Jintan gas storage). The natural gas pipelines of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC for short) are unifiedly operated and managed by CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd. The pipeline network layout is mainly concentrated in the four southeastern coastal provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Up to 3145 kilometers.

1.2 Diversified and joint venture regional pipeline network construction and management mode

Local governments and local state-owned enterprises have established local pipeline companies through sole proprietorship or joint venture to continuously strengthen their control over the construction of local branch pipelines. According to incomplete statistics, 25 provinces (cities) across the country have established 32 provincial and municipal pipeline companies, which are mainly responsible for the planning, construction and operation and management of regional pipeline networks in the provinces (cities). These companies are mainly divided into three categories: the first category is dominated by local state-owned investment companies or energy companies. As the only regional pipeline builders and general natural gas buyers and sellers in the province (city), they purchase natural gas resources from upstream companies, and supply natural gas resources to downstream cities. Network and users sell natural gas, such as natural gas pipeline companies in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces (cities); the second category is natural gas pipeline enterprises established by local state-owned investment companies or energy companies, which cannot achieve natural gas in provinces (cities). The total purchase and sale of resources is not necessarily the only natural gas pipeline company in the province (city), which faces the constraints of insufficient control of resources and downstream markets during pipeline construction, such as natural gas companies in Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Hebei and other provinces. ; The third category is controlled or dominated by oil companies, mainly responsible for the unified transportation and sales of resources of participating oil companies in the region, and is an industrial link that upstream companies extend to downstream markets, such as PetroChina Southern Xinjiang, Sinopec Jiangxi, China CNOOC Fujian and other natural gas companies. On the whole, the construction and operation entities of China's natural gas regional pipeline network are relatively diverse. Most provinces (cities) have not formed

Reform and development trend of China's natural gas pipeline industry

(Summary description)By the end of 2014, China had built 69,000 kilometers of natural gas pipelines, and the total gas transmission capacity of the trunk pipeline network exceeded 170 billion cubic meters per year[1,2]. "Nearby supply" pipeline grid bureau, built five major cross-regional natural gas trunk pipeline systems in Northwest (Xinjiang), North China (Ordos), Southwest (Sichuan-Chongqing), Northeast and offshore to the central and eastern regions. Pipelines are the link between upstream resources and downstream markets, and the reform of pipeline construction and operation is a key step in the system reform of the natural gas industry. Since 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Energy Administration and other departments have successively issued a series of policies and regulations related to natural gas pipeline network facilities, providing clear policy guidance for China's natural gas infrastructure construction. Looking forward to the "13th Five-Year Plan", the reform of China's natural gas industry will continue to advance, and the management system, market entities, operation methods, and supervision models of the natural gas pipeline industry will undergo profound changes.

1 China's natural gas pipeline construction and management mode

1.1 Trunk pipeline construction and management mode dominated by the three major companies

Relying on the advantages of resources, technology and talents, the three major oil companies have the first-mover position in the construction and operation management of natural gas pipelines in China, and are absolutely dominant in the construction and operation of main and branch pipelines. The natural gas pipeline of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has achieved professional operation and regional management, and has five specialized companies (Pipeline Company, West-East Gas Pipeline [Sales] Company, Western Pipeline Company, Southwest Pipeline Company) Company, Beijing Natural Gas Company) and a regional pipeline company (Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company), the total length of natural gas pipelines is about 50,000 kilometers, accounting for about 78% of the country. The natural gas pipeline of China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec for short) is in charge of the natural gas branch company. The pipeline network is under construction and operation of more than 4,600 kilometers. The layout of "one station" (Shandong LNG terminal) and "three reservoirs" (Central Plain, Jianghan, Jintan gas storage). The natural gas pipelines of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC for short) are unifiedly operated and managed by CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd. The pipeline network layout is mainly concentrated in the four southeastern coastal provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Up to 3145 kilometers.

1.2 Diversified and joint venture regional pipeline network construction and management mode

Local governments and local state-owned enterprises have established local pipeline companies through sole proprietorship or joint venture to continuously strengthen their control over the construction of local branch pipelines. According to incomplete statistics, 25 provinces (cities) across the country have established 32 provincial and municipal pipeline companies, which are mainly responsible for the planning, construction and operation and management of regional pipeline networks in the provinces (cities). These companies are mainly divided into three categories: the first category is dominated by local state-owned investment companies or energy companies. As the only regional pipeline builders and general natural gas buyers and sellers in the province (city), they purchase natural gas resources from upstream companies, and supply natural gas resources to downstream cities. Network and users sell natural gas, such as natural gas pipeline companies in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces (cities); the second category is natural gas pipeline enterprises established by local state-owned investment companies or energy companies, which cannot achieve natural gas in provinces (cities). The total purchase and sale of resources is not necessarily the only natural gas pipeline company in the province (city), which faces the constraints of insufficient control of resources and downstream markets during pipeline construction, such as natural gas companies in Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Hebei and other provinces. ; The third category is controlled or dominated by oil companies, mainly responsible for the unified transportation and sales of resources of participating oil companies in the region, and is an industrial link that upstream companies extend to downstream markets, such as PetroChina Southern Xinjiang, Sinopec Jiangxi, China CNOOC Fujian and other natural gas companies. On the whole, the construction and operation entities of China's natural gas regional pipeline network are relatively diverse. Most provinces (cities) have not formed

  • Categories:Industry news
  • Author:
  • Origin:中国管件信息网
  • Time of issue:2015-11-21
  • Views:0

By the end of 2014, China had built 69,000 kilometers of natural gas pipelines, and the total gas transmission capacity of the trunk pipeline network exceeded 170 billion cubic meters per year[1,2]. "Nearby supply" pipeline grid bureau, built five major cross-regional natural gas trunk pipeline systems in Northwest (Xinjiang), North China (Ordos), Southwest (Sichuan-Chongqing), Northeast and offshore to the central and eastern regions. Pipelines are the link between upstream resources and downstream markets, and the reform of pipeline construction and operation is a key step in the system reform of the natural gas industry. Since 2013, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Energy Administration and other departments have successively issued a series of policies and regulations related to natural gas pipeline network facilities, providing clear policy guidance for China's natural gas infrastructure construction. Looking forward to the "13th Five-Year Plan", the reform of China's natural gas industry will continue to advance, and the management system, market entities, operation methods, and supervision models of the natural gas pipeline industry will undergo profound changes.

1 China's natural gas pipeline construction and management mode

1.1 Trunk pipeline construction and management mode dominated by the three major companies

Relying on the advantages of resources, technology and talents, the three major oil companies have the first-mover position in the construction and operation management of natural gas pipelines in China, and are absolutely dominant in the construction and operation of main and branch pipelines. The natural gas pipeline of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) has achieved professional operation and regional management, and has five specialized companies (Pipeline Company, West-East Gas Pipeline [Sales] Company, Western Pipeline Company, Southwest Pipeline Company) Company, Beijing Natural Gas Company) and a regional pipeline company (Southwest Oil and Gas Field Company), the total length of natural gas pipelines is about 50,000 kilometers, accounting for about 78% of the country. The natural gas pipeline of China Petrochemical Corporation (Sinopec for short) is in charge of the natural gas branch company. The pipeline network is under construction and operation of more than 4,600 kilometers. The layout of "one station" (Shandong LNG terminal) and "three reservoirs" (Central Plain, Jianghan, Jintan gas storage). The natural gas pipelines of China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC for short) are unifiedly operated and managed by CNOOC Gas & Power Group Co., Ltd. The pipeline network layout is mainly concentrated in the four southeastern coastal provinces of Hainan, Guangdong, Fujian and Zhejiang. Up to 3145 kilometers.

1.2 Diversified and joint venture regional pipeline network construction and management mode

Local governments and local state-owned enterprises have established local pipeline companies through sole proprietorship or joint venture to continuously strengthen their control over the construction of local branch pipelines. According to incomplete statistics, 25 provinces (cities) across the country have established 32 provincial and municipal pipeline companies, which are mainly responsible for the planning, construction and operation and management of regional pipeline networks in the provinces (cities). These companies are mainly divided into three categories: the first category is dominated by local state-owned investment companies or energy companies. As the only regional pipeline builders and general natural gas buyers and sellers in the province (city), they purchase natural gas resources from upstream companies, and supply natural gas resources to downstream cities. Network and users sell natural gas, such as natural gas pipeline companies in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong, Zhejiang and other provinces (cities); the second category is natural gas pipeline enterprises established by local state-owned investment companies or energy companies, which cannot achieve natural gas in provinces (cities). The total purchase and sale of resources is not necessarily the only natural gas pipeline company in the province (city), which faces the constraints of insufficient control of resources and downstream markets during pipeline construction, such as natural gas companies in Hubei, Hunan, Anhui, Hebei and other provinces. ; The third category is controlled or dominated by oil companies, mainly responsible for the unified transportation and sales of resources of participating oil companies in the region, and is an industrial link that upstream companies extend to downstream markets, such as PetroChina Southern Xinjiang, Sinopec Jiangxi, China CNOOC Fujian and other natural gas companies. On the whole, the construction and operation entities of China's natural gas regional pipeline network are relatively diverse. Most provinces (cities) have not formed a "one network for the whole province (city)" pipeline grid bureau. Provincial (city)-level pipeline construction entities, such as Hunan, Jiangxi, Shandong and other provinces, have jointly established provincial-level pipeline companies with PetroChina and Sinopec respectively.

1.3 Operation mode of integrated transmission and sales

As a subsidiary of upstream companies, pipeline companies are responsible for transporting natural gas and imported LNG from upstream gas fields to city gate stations or factory gate stations in the downstream market area through long-distance high-pressure pipelines, and selling natural gas to local gas distribution companies at gate station prices. or large industrial users. Pipeline companies provide users with bundled services of transportation and sales, and the door-to-door price is a bundled price that includes upstream gas purchase costs and pipeline transportation service costs. The biggest feature of this operating model is that, on the one hand, pipeline companies have the monopoly on gas supply in the downstream market, and on the other hand, they are responsible for the reliability of resource supply, and are responsible for seasonal and most of the daily peak shaving tasks.

1.4 One-system-based management and transmission pricing mechanism

The current pipeline transportation pricing model in China is one-part pricing, that is, one-time recovery of all the costs and benefits of the pipeline transportation company, including fixed costs, variable costs and reasonable investment returns, based on the actual gas transmission volume of users. According to the "Notice on Adjusting Natural Gas Prices" (No. 1246 [2013] of the National Development and Reform Commission) issued by the National Development and Reform Commission on June 28, 2013, the state's management of natural gas prices is reflected in the gate-station link, and the gate-station price is guided by the government The price of the pipeline transportation is subject to the government's pricing, among which the inter-provincial pipeline transportation fee shall be approved by the national price authority (National Development and Reform Commission), and the intra-provincial pipeline transportation fee shall be approved by the provincial price authority.

2 National policies and reform trends

2.1 Encourage and accelerate the construction of natural gas pipeline network and supporting facilities

1) Diversification of investment subjects. In November 2014, Article 20 of the State Council's "Guiding Opinions on Innovating Investment and Financing Mechanisms in Key Fields and Encouraging Social Investment" pointed out that social capital is encouraged to participate in the construction and operation of oil and gas pipeline networks, storage facilities and coal storage and transportation, and supports private enterprises, local state-owned enterprises, and local governments. Enterprises and other companies have a stake in the construction of the main line of the oil and gas pipeline network, coastal LNG receiving stations, underground gas storage, urban gas distribution pipeline network and urban gas storage facilities, and the construction of branch lines of the oil and gas pipeline network.

2) Decentralize approval authority. According to the "Catalogue of Investment Projects Approved by the Government (2014 Edition)", cross-border and cross-provincial (regional, municipal) trunk pipeline network projects (excluding oil and gas field gathering and transportation pipeline networks) shall be approved by the investment authority of the State Council, among which cross-border projects Report to the State Council for the record, and other projects shall be approved by the provincial government.

3) Simplify the approval process. In 2014, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Work Plan for Streamlining Examination and Approval Items, Standardizing Intermediary Services and Implementing the Online Parallel Approval System for Enterprise Investment Projects", "Notice on Never Taking Enterprise Operational Autonomy as a Prerequisite for the Approval of Enterprise Investment Projects" and other documents In addition to major projects, corporate investment projects only retain two pre-approvals, namely planning and site selection and pre-examination of land use (pre-examination of sea use), and other approval matters should be handled in parallel, bank loan commitments, and feasibility study report review opinions, etc. 18 All items will no longer be used as a precondition for the approval of enterprise investment projects.

4) Attach great importance to the construction of gas storage facilities. Documents such as the "Notice of the Development and Reform Commission on Several Opinions on Establishing a Long-term Mechanism for Guaranteeing the Stable Supply of Natural Gas" and "Guiding Opinions on Accelerating the Construction of Gas Storage Facilities" were successively issued to further clarify the sales of natural gas, the operation of natural gas infrastructure and the operation of natural gas in cities and towns. and other enterprises' responsibility for gas storage peak regulation, and continuously increase the support for the construction of gas storage facilities in terms of construction land, capital arrangement, financing channels, and gas supply. In March 2015, the "Notice on Issues Concerning the Administration of the Use of Imported Crude Oil" issued by the National Development and Reform Commission also linked the construction of natural gas storage facilities with the use of imported crude oil, and further encouraged various social capitals to participate in the construction of gas storage and peak shaving facilities.

2.2 Fair and open access to natural gas infrastructure is a recent regulatory focus

In February 2014, the National Energy Administration officially issued the Measures for the Fair and Open Supervision of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Facilities (for Trial Implementation). The "Measures" require that oil and gas pipeline network facilities operators shall, on the premise of mutual benefit, make full use of facility capabilities, and ensure the existing services of existing users, open the use of oil and gas to new users in a fair and non-discriminatory manner according to the order of signing contracts. Pipeline network facilities, providing services such as transportation, storage, gasification, liquefaction and compression; the National Energy Administration and its dispatched agencies, as the main body of market supervision, adopt the form of two-level supervision to plan and implement plans for oil and gas pipeline network facilities and major oil and gas projects. implementation, fair and open oil and gas pipeline network facilities, transportation (storage, gasification, liquefaction and compression) capacity and efficiency, price and cost, access application and acceptance, contract signing and execution, information disclosure and reporting and other oil and gas pipeline network facilities Strictly supervise matters related to fairness and openness. The "Measures" require that the operation of oil and gas pipeline network facilities should be independently accounted for and disclosed on a regular basis, and the open oil and gas pipeline network facilities should implement the corresponding service prices determined by the pricing authority. Article 17 of the Measures for the Administration of Natural Gas Infrastructure Construction and Operation also clearly stipulates that natural gas infrastructure operators shall not use their control over infrastructure to crowd out other natural gas operators; if the service capability is available, they shall not refuse to meet the conditions users to provide services or make unreasonable requests.

2.3 The separation of sales and marketing business and the independence of property rights are the next reform direction

In 2013, the "383" reform plan announced by the Development Research Center of the State Council proposed that in the future, the oil and natural gas pipeline network business will be separated from the oil and gas enterprises that integrate upstream, midstream and downstream operations, and a number of oil and gas pipeline companies will be established. The government supervision system of the pipeline network.

There are three modes of pipeline network independence [3]. One is financial independence, that is, the pipeline network is still controlled by the original company, but the finances are separated, and the accounts can be supervised and checked; For a legal person company, related-party transactions must be strictly regulated; the third type is complete property rights independence, in which the pipeline assets and business are separated from the parent company and used as a public platform.

The relevant policies currently introduced in China mainly focus on the financial independence of oil and gas pipeline network facilities. Article 19 of the Measures for the Fair and Open Supervision of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Facilities (for Trial Implementation) and Article 16 of the Measures for the Administration of the Construction and Operation of Natural Gas Infrastructures both stipulate that enterprises operating oil and gas pipeline network facilities also operate other businesses such as oil and gas production and sales. If there is a problem, a sound financial system shall be gradually established, independent accounting shall be implemented for the operation of oil and gas pipeline network facilities, and the cost and income of pipeline transportation, gas storage, gasification, liquefaction, compression, etc. shall be true and accurate.

With the gradual independence of finance and property rights of pipeline companies, the separation of distribution and sales business is the general trend. Article 9 of the Measures for the Fair and Open Supervision of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Facilities (for Trial Implementation) proposes to encourage direct sales of oil and gas by upstream users of different market entities to downstream users by means of self-negotiation or agency, and the upstream and downstream users and oil and gas pipe The network facility operator signs a contract or agreement. The "Notice on Rationalizing the Prices of Natural Gas for Non-residential Use" stipulates that the price of the valve station used by the direct supply users of natural gas (excluding chemical fertilizer enterprises) shall be released, and the price shall be determined through negotiation between the supply and demand sides, and a market-oriented reform pilot program shall be carried out. It can be seen that although the current policy does not involve the provision of stripping the sales function of oil and gas pipeline network facility operators, the sales model of reaching sales intentions between upstream and downstream users and then signing pipeline transportation contracts with pipeline network operators will affect existing pipeline network operators. The unified purchase and sales model has had an impact.

3 Industry Development Trends

3.1 The reorganization and integration of the pipeline industry will continue to advance

With the advancement of the national natural gas industry system reform, the existing pipeline construction and operation mode dominated by the three major companies will undergo major changes. Taking into account the reform implementation process and drawing on the development experience of Europe and the United States and other countries and regions, it is expected that the market-oriented reform of China's natural gas pipeline industry will need to go through two stages.

In the first stage, each oil company realizes the legal independence of the pipeline business by means of business integration and absorbing social capital. In June 2013, PetroChina, Taikang Assets and Guolian Fund jointly established PetroChina Pipeline United Co., Ltd.; in August 2014, PetroChina established the Eastern Pipeline Company and planned to sell it as a package; in December 2014, Sinopec Kantons Holdings Co., Ltd. acquired Yu All rights and interests of the Economic Pipeline Company. These moves indicate that the legal independence of oil companies' pipeline assets is underway, and it is expected that the legal independence of pipeline assets will continue during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period.

In the second stage, the state will promote the integration of pipeline company assets among different market players through asset divestiture, capital operation, etc., to achieve the independence of property rights. It is expected that the pipeline business integration will be treated differently according to the pipeline type and functional positioning: the cross-regional and resource channel-type backbone natural gas pipelines will be separated from the three major oil companies in the future, and one or several national pipeline companies will be established under the leadership of the state to achieve Unified management and centralized scheduling of production operations; regional and branch natural gas pipelines in each province will allow the existence of multiple market players from the perspective of promoting competition, absorbing social capital and accelerating industry development. Eventually, a pipeline company system of national backbone pipeline network companies, provincial-level regional pipeline network companies, and branch line direct supply pipeline companies will be formed nationwide.

3.2 The construction of natural gas pipelines presents new features

3.2.1 The pace of long-distance pipeline construction may moderately slow down

China's natural gas industry is still in a period of rapid development, and the infrastructure of the pipeline network suitable for industrial development is still relatively weak, so the construction of long-distance pipelines will continue for a long time. According to the national plan in 2020, the total scale of the long-distance pipeline network (including branch lines) will reach about 150,000 kilometers, and the gas transmission capacity will reach about 480 billion cubic meters per year; the effective peak-shaving capacity of gas storage facilities is about 62 billion cubic meters, of which underground gas storage facilities Peak shaving 44 billion cubic meters, LNG receiving station peak shaving 18 billion cubic meters; 18 LNG receiving stations have been put into operation, with a receiving capacity of about 74.4 million tons per year [4]. In the context of industry reform, the construction of long-distance natural gas pipelines will mainly be undertaken by the newly established national pipeline network company. Before the establishment of the national pipeline network company, in view of the characteristics of large investment in pipeline projects and long project payback period, the focus of enterprise long-distance pipeline construction will focus on resource export or pipeline sections urgently needed for market development, such as West Third Line, West Fourth Line, New Line Guangdong-Zhejiang, China-Russia Eastern Route and other pipelines. After the establishment of the National Pipeline Network Company, it is expected that the focus of its work should first be the integration and reorganization of a large number of assets and the promotion of the pipelines that have been built. As for the investment decision of the new pipeline, since the builder has become an independent profit-making entity and does not master the resources and market, its decision-making process will be more prudent, and the requirements for preliminary research work will be more detailed.

3.2.2 The construction of regional pipeline network and direct supply pipeline will enter a new peak period

As a regional pipeline network that is not acquired by the national pipeline network company, it has natural advantages in extending the scope of resource transmission and improving terminal control. Therefore, the three major companies will transfer greater efforts to the construction of branch pipelines and regional pipeline networks. In terms of construction mode selection, the direct supply pipelines for large users around the trunk line are mostly led by resource companies, and the construction of regional pipeline networks will mostly adopt the method of joint ventures and cooperation with local enterprises. It can be expected that under the joint promotion of various capitals, the natural gas transmission network will extend from provincial capitals and prefecture-level cities to county-level cities and villages and towns. To develop towards "county-county access", some eastern coastal provinces will realize "village-to-village access" for natural gas pipelines. Among them, major consumption growth areas such as the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Bohai Rim and Central China will carry out more branch pipeline construction.

3.2.3 Contact pipeline construction will become a new hot spot

The third party of the gas pipeline is fair and open The premise of access implementation is that the natural gas pipeline networks of different investors can be interconnected. Most of China's natural gas pipelines operate independently. In the future, driven by supervision and interests, the construction of connecting pipelines between different main pipelines will become an inevitable choice. From the perspective of implementation difficulty, the trunk pipeline connection is implemented within the national pipeline network. Since the gas transmission scale, pipe diameter, etc. are basically the same, and generally carried out within the same company, the implementation difficulty is relatively small; in terms of regional pipeline network connectivity, due to The pipeline gas transmission scale, pressure level, pipe diameter and other factors of each company are different, and it is difficult to implement in terms of technology and operation.

3.2.4 The construction speed of gas storage facilities will be accelerated

In order to ensure the safe and stable operation of the gas pipeline network and improve the transmission efficiency and operating income of the gas pipeline, the construction of related gas storage facilities must be accelerated. The implementation of relevant mandatory and encouraging policies successively issued by the state will promote the construction of gas storage facilities. It is expected that the state will introduce policies such as peak shaving gas prices to make gas storage facilities profitable under the market-oriented operation mechanism. On the basis of clearer responsibility for peak regulation and gradual improvement of the profit model, a diversified peak regulation reserve system for underground gas storage, LNG receiving station storage tanks, and urban gate station peak regulation facilities will be formed at a faster pace.

3.3 There will be profound changes in the way of pipeline operation and supervision

1) The transportation and sales business of pipeline companies are gradually separated, and pipeline companies will only provide pipeline transportation services in the future. In the stage of legal independence, in addition to providing services to the parent company, pipeline companies should also provide fair, open and non-discriminatory pipeline transportation services to other competitors. During the property rights independence stage, the pipeline company will provide services to all upstream and downstream players fairly and openly. With the establishment of natural gas trading centers around the world, pipeline capacity will become a commodity traded in the market.

2) The way of supervision of pipeline transportation has changed from the price supervision of gate stations to the supervision of pipeline transportation services. According to the policies that have been issued, the future supervision of pipelines will be mainly carried out by the Energy Bureau and local energy supervision offices. The supervision contents mainly include: the interconnection of pipeline networks and the provision of access services to third parties, access terms, service prices and service quality , and the non-discriminatory nature of the service provided by the operator. Among them, the pricing method of pipeline transportation services and the openness and transparency of pipeline transportation costs will be the focus of supervision.

3) The transmission pricing mechanism will be transformed into a two-part system, and ultimately achieve independent market pricing under the supervision of the state. The main feature of the two pricing mechanisms is that the pipeline transportation fee is divided into a capacity fee irrelevant to the transportation volume and a usage fee related to the transportation volume. party's interests. When the Shaanxi-Beijing Line and the Chung-wu Line were put into operation, the state had verified the pipeline transmission capacity fee and the pipeline transmission usage fee according to the two price-setting ideas, but it was not implemented [5]. It is expected that during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the state will carry out relevant pilot work and gradually promote the two pricing mechanisms.

4) The measurement method has changed from volume measurement to energy measurement. The adoption of the internationally accepted energy measurement method will help to improve the natural gas price formation mechanism in China and realize fair trade under the multi-gas source and multi-gas supply pattern under market-oriented conditions. There are no obstacles in China's natural gas metering technology [6,7], the standard system has basically been completed, and a number of preliminary studies and simulation tests have been carried out, which are generally agreed by enterprises and users. More work in the future is to further improve the relevant implementation standards, establish a higher-level natural gas quantity value traceability system, establish a natural gas quality supervision system, introduce a reasonable natural gas energy price policy, and support and guide the implementation of natural gas energy measurement and pricing.

5) The information of pipeline companies is regularly disclosed publicly and subject to supervision. In February 2014, the National Energy Administration issued the Measures for the Fair and Open Supervision of Oil and Gas Pipeline Network Facilities (for Trial Implementation), which put forward preliminary requirements on the time and content of information disclosure. With the development of the marketization process, the planning and construction of pipelines, the use and remaining capacity of pipeline transportation, the service objects and terms of service of pipeline transportation, the pricing method and rate of pipeline transportation fees and other information need to be regularly disclosed, and the relevant national departments and society public regulation.

With the gradual deepening of the reform of the national natural gas industry, the independence of the pipeline network, the separation of the transmission and sales business, and the fair and open access of the third party are the general trend, and the cost control of pipeline construction and operation will become the core competitiveness of pipeline companies. In order to improve competitiveness, pipeline companies must first optimize the pipeline network planning, reasonably determine the scale of pipeline construction, and match the market demand to avoid waste or additional investment costs; secondly, try to improve the efficiency of pipeline use by locking users in advance and improving service levels. , strengthen technological innovation and other means to achieve; once again, it is necessary to strictly control labor, fuel, power costs and pipeline losses to reduce operating costs.

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2021-08-27

What is the allowable error of the standard wall thickness of malleable steel pipe fittings?

Malleable cast iron pipe fittings are produced according to GB/T3287-2011 "Malgeable cast iron pipe fittings". The GB/T 3287-2011 standard is the second Chinese national standard set in July 2009. When the standard was revised, the international standard ISO49: 1994 "Moldable Iron Pipe Fittings with ISO 7-1 Thread" and the European Standard EN 10242: 1994/A2: 2003 "Malgeable Iron Threaded Pipe Fittings" were adopted, which are equivalent to the above two advanced foreign standards. 1. The mechanical properties of the pipe fittings are tensile strength ≥330MPa; elongation ≥8%, which is better than the malleable cast iron of the KTH300-06 grade specified in GB/T9440-2010 "Moldable Iron Castings". 2. The structural dimensions of the pipe fittings conform to the provisions of Appendix A in the GB/T3287-2011 standard, and are consistent with the dimensions stipulated in the ISO49:1994 and EN 10242:1994/A2:2003 standards. 3. The thread of the pipe fitting adopts GB/T7306.1-2000 "55° Sealing Pipe Thread Part 1: Cylindrical Internal Thread and Conical External Thread" and GB/T7306.2-2000 "55° Sealing Pipe Thread Part 2: Conical Internal Threads and Tapered External Threads". It corresponds to the European Community pipe thread standards EN10226-1: 2004 (E) and EN10226-2: 2005 (E). It is the same as the pipe thread profile, size, tolerance and code specified in the international standard ISO7-1:1994. According to the national standards collected at present, all major industrial countries in the world except the United States, the European Community and most countries in the world have adopted the pipe thread standards stipulated by ISO7-1. Therefore, the threads specified in GB/T7306 are consistent with international standards, and can also be smoothly matched with the pipe threads of most countries in the world. 4. The hot-dip galvanized layer of the pipe fittings conforms to the requirements of GB/T3287-2011, ISO49:1994, EN10242:1994/A2:2003 and other standards. The quality of the surface zinc layer is not less than 500g/m2, the average thickness is 70μm, and the average thickness of individual samples is not less than 450g/m2, and the average thickness is 63μm.
2015-09-28

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